Indication for circumcision

Indication for circumcision can be divided into 2 groups:

• Hygienic or religious indications
• Medical indications

Medical indications

1. Phimosis is constriction of external prepuce opening. It is considered normal with boys up to 3 years old. Later a balanus should be exteriorized freely. It is necessary to remember that phimosis can be physiological, that is a balanus can be exteriorized without surgical treatment; or it can be cicatrical, when a balanus can be opened only after operative measures. On of the indications of cicatrical phimosis is formation of a "ball" at the end of a balanus during urination and a fine stream of urine.
2. Chronic recurrent balanitis. Inflammation of balanus and prepuce stems, usually from irregular hygiene. The main display of this disease is edema, reddening of a penis, purulent discharge, and pain during urination. Surgical treatment is used only when the disease assumes chronic, recurrent character.
3. Plural condylomas of prepuce. Condylomas are also called genital warts or virus pappilomas. Condylomas are single or plural villous formations that look like warts. Usually they are located at balanus or prepuce skin. Condylomas are often categorized as precancerous condition. That is why circumcision is recommended when there are condylomas of prepuce.

Indications for circumcision

Results of scientific research

Methods of circumcision

How does it look like?

Complication after circumcision

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